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| President of the Russian Federation | |
 Official Standard | |
| Incumbent |  Vladmir Putin since: December 31 1999 |
| Term length | Four years, renewable once |
| Inaugural | |
|---|---|
| Formation | July 10 1991 |
| Website | (Russian) kremlin.ru/ (English) kremlin.ru/eng/ |
| Russia |
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The President of Russia (Russian: Президент Российской Федерации, Prezident Rossiiskoi Federatsii) (before December 25 1991: Russian: Президент Российской Советской Федеративной Социалистической Республики, Prezident Rossiiskoi Sovetskoi Federativnoi Respubliki) is the Head of State and highest office within the Government of Russia. Executive power is split between the President and the Prime Minister, who is the Head of Government. The office was instituted in 1991 as the head of RSFSR according to the results of the referendum held on March 171991.
The first and only President of RSFSR was Boris Yeltsin - he was elected on June 121991 by a direct popular vote and came into power on July 101991 for a five-year term. Since December 25 1991 with reorganization of RSFSR into independent Russian Federation he became the first President of Russian Federation. According to the Constitution of Russia accepted in 1993, the president is elected every four years by a direct vote of the Russian population.Constitution of the Russian Federation. Chapter 4, Article 81.1 The second and current President of Russia is Vladimir Putin. The third (future) President of Russia is Dmitry Medvedev - he was elected by popular vote on 2 March 2008.
Contents |
According to the Constitution of the Russian Federation, a person willing to run for presidency has to be a citizen of Russia not younger than 35, who has permanently resided in the Russian Federation for not less than 10 years.
The Constitution of Russia also restricts the period during which a person can hold the office of the President to two consecutive terms. There is, however, nothing to prevent a former President (including one who has served two full terms) from seeking re-election for a further period provided someone else has held the office in between.
The President is the head of state and his main task is to preserve and protect the rights and liberties of the Russian people, which are granted under the Constitution of Russia. The President is tasked to determine the domestic and foreign policy of the Russian government. The President is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. The President is also charged in awarding of state decorations, resolves problems on issues in immigration and has the power to grant pardons. The president\'s rights and duties are defined in the chapter 4 of the Constitution. Constitution of the Russian Federation Article Four
After the oath of office has been taken by the elected president, these following insignia are handed over to the president. These devices are used to display the rank of his office and are used on special occasions.
The first insignia that is issued is the chain of office with an emblem. The central emblem is a red cross, with arms in equal size, charged with the Russian coat of arms. On the reverse of the cross, the words "Benefit, Honor and Glory" (Russian: «Польза, честь и слава»; "Pol’za, chest’ i slava") appear in a form of a circle. A golden wreath is used to connect the cross with the rest of the chain. There are seventeen "links" in the emblem, with nine consisting of the Russian coat of arms. The other eight consist of a rosette, also bearing the motto "Benefit, Honor and Glory." At the inauguration of Vladimir Putin, the emblem was placed on a red pillow, positioned on the left side of podium. According to the Presidential website, the emblem is placed inside the Kremlin and is used only on certain occasions.
The standard is a square version of the Russian flag, (pictured below) charged in the center with the Russian coat of arms. Golden fringe is added to the standard. Copies of the standard are used inside his office, at the Kremlin, other state agencies, and while the president is traveling in a vehicle inside Russia. A 2:3 ratio version of the flag is used when the President is at sea. This is the mostly used symbol to denote the presence of the Russian President.
The President also has a special copy of the Russian Constitution that is used during the inauguration. This copy has a hard, red cover with gold lettering. An image of the Russian coat of arms appears in silver. The special copy is kept in the Presidential Library, which is located inside the Kremlin.
These insignia and the procedure were established by the presidential decree No. 1138 from August 5, 1996.Coбpaниe зaкoнoдaтeльcтвa Рoccийcкoй Фeдepaции 1996, No. 33, ar. 3976 and modified by decree No. 832 from May 6, 2000.Coбpaниe зaкoнoдaтeльcтвa Рoccийcкoй Фeдepaции 2000, No. 19, ar. 2068 In the new decree the special copy of the Constitution was removed as the third symbol of the Russian Presidency; the other two symbols remained intact because they were and are regulated by separate decrees. Nonetheless, the special copy of the Constitution still exists and serves for inauguration purposes only without being officially presented as a symbol of the Russian Presidency.
Russia president emblem.jpg
Chain of office |
Standard of the President of the Russian Federation.svg
Standard |
Each person who has been elected to this office takes this oath during their inauguration:
| “ | I vow, in the performance of my powers as the President of the Russian Federation to respect and protect the rights and freedoms of man and citizen, to observe and protect the Constitution of the Russian Federation, to protect the sovereignty and independence, security and integrity of the state and to serve the people faithfully.Constitution of the Russian Federation, Article 82 | ” |
Though technically the President of Russia may be a member of a political party, traditionally the Presidents is Nonpartisan and without political affiliation. He does support a specific party during parliamentary elections in order to promote his agendas and goals. He tends to be above the political spectrum and to act as a statesmen, who reconcile and balance between the various political groups while not identifying with any one of them particularly.
Transport services for the Russian President is provided by the Special Purpose Garage (SPG). The SPG is a unit within the Federal Protective Service.
Currently, the SPG is equipped with Mercedes, Chevrolet and ZIL cars. BMW and Ural motorcycles are also used in honorary escort.
| Index Key |
|---|
| No party / Independent |
| United Russia |
| Communist Russia |
| Liberal Democratic |
| Fair Russia |
| Democratic Russia † |
| Our Home is Russia † |
| Communist Soviet Union † |
| * - As President of RSFSR ** - 5 years term † - Former existing major parties |
| # | President | Took office | Left office | Political Party | Term | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | Boris Yeltsin | 
| July 10 1991* (inaugurated) | December 25 1991* | No party / Independent (officially supported by Democratic Russia) | 1** |
| December 25 1991 | August 9 1996 | |||||
| August 9 1996 (inaugurated) | November 5 1996 (went to surgical procedure) | No party / Independent | 2 | |||
| — | Viktor Chernomyrdin (Acting) | 
| November 5 1996 | November 6 1996 | Our Home is Russia | - |
| 01 | Boris Yeltsin |
| November 6 1996 (returned from surgical procedure) | December 31 1999 (voluntary retired) | No party / Independent | 2 |
| — | Vladimir Putin (Acting) |
| December 31 1999 | May 7 2000 | No party / Independent | - |
| 02 | Vladimir Putin | May 7 2000 (inaugurated) | May 7 2004 | 1 | ||
| May 7 2004 (inaugurated) | Incumbent (Term expires May 7 2008) | 2 | ||||
| 03 | Dmitry Medvedev (President-elect) | 
| (Term starts May 7 2008) | — | No party / Independent (officially supported by United Russia) | 1 |
| Presidents of the Russian Federation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Presidents | Boris Yeltsin (1991 – 1999) • Vladimir Putin (2000 – present) • Dmitry Medvedev (elect) | |
| Vice Presidents (abolished in 1993) | Alexander Rutskoy (1991 – 1993) | |
| Acting Presidents | Alexander Rutskoy (1993, selfproclaimed) • Viktor Chernomyrdin (1996) • Vladimir Putin (1999 – 2000) | |
| Heads of State of Europe |
|---|
| Albania · Andorra · Armenia1 · Austria · Azerbaijan1 · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Cyprus1 · Czech Republic · Denmark · Estonia · Finland · France · Georgia1 · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Italy · Kazakhstan1 · Kosovo · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Macedonia · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Turkey1 · Ukraine · United Kingdom · Vatican City |
1 Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the border between Europe and Asia. |
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from Wikipedia