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.jpg/58px-Kunstkamera (Saint-Petersburg).jpg)
Original headquarters of the Imperial Academy of Sciences - the Kunstkammer in Saint Petersburg.
Russian Academy of Sciences (Russian: Росси́йская Акаде́мия Нау́к, Rossiiskaya Akademiya Nauk, shortened to PAH, RAN) is consisting of the national academy of Russia, and a network of scientific institutes from all across the Russian Federation engaged in research, as well as auxiliary units - scientific like libraries and publishers, and social, e.g. hospitals.
The Academy is headquartered in Moscow. It is incorporated as a civil, self-governed, non-commercial organizationОб Академии chartered by Russian Government. It combines members of RAS (see below) and scientists employed by institutions.
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There are three types of membership in the RAS: full members (academicians), corresponding members, and foreign members. Academicians and corresponding members must be citizen of the Russian Federation (at the moment of election; however, there are academicians and corresponding members who had been elected before the collapse of the USSR and now are citizens of other countries). Members of RAS are elected based upon scientific contributions. It is a big honour to be elected to membership of the AcademyЧлены РАН. As of 2005-2007 there are slightly less than 500 full members of the academy and about the same number of corresponding members.
The RAS consist of 9 branches by scientific domain, of 3 territorial branches and of 14 regional scientific centres. The Academy has numerous councils, committees and commissions, organized for a different purposes.Структура РАН
The Siberian Branch was established in 1957, with Mikhail Lavrentyev as its founding chairman.About the Siberian Branch Research centres are in Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Yakutsk, Ulan-Ude, Kemerovo, Tyumen, and Omsk. As of 2005, the Branch employed 33,051 employees, 58 of whom were members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
The Russian Academy of Sciences consists of a large number of research institutions, including:
Member institutions are linked by a dedicated Russian Space Science Internet (RSSI). The RSSI, starting with just 3 members, now has 3100 members, including 57 of the largest research institutions.
Moscow University, St.Petersburg University, or Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, etc. do not belong to RAS (they belongs to Ministry of Education of Russian Federation), but the leading universities use many institutes of RAS (as well as many others institutions) as educational centers ("Phystech System").
The Academy gives a number of different prizes, medals, and awards:
The Academy was founded in St. Petersburg by Peter the Great, and implemented in the Senate decree of January 28, 1724. It was called St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences between 1724 and 1917. Those invited to work there included mathematicians Leonhard Euler, Christian Goldbach, Georg Bernhard Bilfinger, Nicholas and Daniel Bernoulli, botanist Johann Georg Gmelin, embryologists Caspar Friedrich Wolff, astronomer and geographer Joseph-Nicolas Delisle, physicist Georg Wolfgang Kraft, and historian Gerhard Friedrich Müller.
Under the leadership of Princess Ekaterina Dashkova (1783-96), the Academy was engaged on compiling the huge Academic Dictionary of the Russian Language. Expeditions to explore remote parts of the country had Academy scientists as their leaders or most active participants. These included Vitus Bering\'s Second Kamchatka Expedition of 1733–43, and Peter Simon Pallas\'s expeditions to Siberia.
In December 1917, Sergei Fedorovich Oldenburg, a leading ethnographer and political activist in the Kadet party met with Lenin to discuss the future of the Academy. They agreed that the expertise of the Academy would be applied to addressing questions of state construction, in return the Soviet regime would give the Academy financial and political support. By early 1918 it was agreed that the Academy would report to the Department of the Mobilisation of Scientific Forces of the People\'s Commissariat of Enlightening which replaced the Provisional Government\'s Ministry of Education.
In 1925 the Soviet government recognized the Russian Academy of Sciences as the "highest all-Union scientific institution" and renamed it the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
In 1934 the Academy headquarters moved from Leningrad (formerly St. Petersburg) to the Russian capital, Moscow, together with a number of academic institutes.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, by decree of the President of Russia of December 2, 1991, the institute once again became the Russian Academy of Sciences, inheriting all facilities of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the territory of Russia.
The USSR Academy of Sciences helped to establish national Academies of Sciences in all Soviet republics (with the exception of the Russian SFSR), in many cases delegating prominent scientists to live and work in other republics. These academies were
Modern headquarters in Moscow.
This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from Wikipedia